abstract：:Epidemiological data indicate that living or working in a moldy building is associated with increased risk of respiratory symptoms and disease related to inflammatory reactions, but biochemical evidence linking cause and effect is still scarce. The staff working in a mold-contaminated school, and a reference group wit...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Hirvonen MR,Ruotsalainen M,Roponen M,Hyvärinen A,Husman T,Kosma VM,Komulainen H,Savolainen K,Nevalainen A

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of patient education on steroid inhaler compliance and rescue medication utilization in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been previously investigated in a single study. We randomized 78 asthmatics and 62 patients with COPD after ordinary outpatient management. Int...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gallefoss F,Bakke PS

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The appearance of portable chest radiographs (CXRs) may be affected by changes in ventilation, particularly when patients are mechanically ventilated. Synchronization of the CXR with the ventilatory cycle should limit the influence of respiratory variation on the appearance of the CXR. This study evaluates the effect ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Langevin PB,Hellein V,Harms SM,Tharp WK,Cheung-Seekit C,Lampotang S

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The number and significance of airway eosinophils in stable COPD is controversial. Aims of this study were to evaluate airway inflammation in patients with stable COPD compared with other groups, and to examine the correlations between inflammatory markers and functional indices of airway obstruction. Cellular analysi...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Balzano G,Stefanelli F,Iorio C,De Felice A,Melillo EM,Martucci M,Melillo G

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine if gastric intramucosal pH changes during weaning from mechanical ventilation are related to gastric mucosal blood flow modifications, we studied 16 ventilator-supported patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who tolerated a 2-h trial of spontaneous breathing with pressure support vent...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Bocquillon N,Mathieu D,Neviere R,Lefebvre N,Marechal X,Wattel F

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wheezing in childhood is not a single disorder and different wheezing-associated respiratory illnesses have been recently described. We investigated the association between wheezing conditions and familial, pre-, peri-, and postnatal risk factors. We studied 16,333 children, 6 to 7 yr old, enrolled in a population-bas...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Rusconi F,Galassi C,Corbo GM,Forastiere F,Biggeri A,Ciccone G,Renzoni E

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In pleural infection, medical treatment failure (chest-tube drainage and antibiotics) requires surgery and increases mortality. It would be helpful to predict which patients will fail this approach. We examined clinical predictors in 85 consecutive patients with pleural infection receiving chest drainage and intrapleu...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Davies CW,Kearney SE,Gleeson FV,Davies RJ

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase activity, was evaluated in a rat model of laryngeal injury induced by endotracheal intubation for 1 h. At 1 h after extubation, the laryngeal damage was characterized by areas of mucosal necrosis, submucosal edema, swelling of subglottic glan...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Stern Y,Salzman A,Cotton RT,Zingarelli B

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An imbalance between neutrophil proteases and the surrounding antiproteases is critical in the normal functioning of the neutrophil. Enzyme activity is of importance in cell migration and may play a role in some beneficial aspects of host defense. However, when persistent or excessive this imbalance can be detrimental...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Stockley RA

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In anaphylactic shock (AS), the relative effects of the autacoids including histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes on causing cardiovascular collapse and the extent to which receptor blocking agents and pathway inhibitors may prevent this collapse are not clear. In a ragweed model of anaphylaxis, we examined whet...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Chrusch C,Sharma S,Unruh H,Bautista E,Duke K,Becker A,Kepron W,Mink SN

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a syndrome of chronic wasting, in part associated with a chronic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectionally and prospectively the potential role of leptin in relation to systemic inflammation in the regulation of the energy balance ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Schols AM,Creutzberg EC,Buurman WA,Campfield LA,Saris WH,Wouters EF

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 6 (STAT6) is important in interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced commitment of CD4(+) T cells to the T helper cell, type 2 (Th2) phenotype and IgE isotype switching in B cells, its role in other IL-4-mediated events and their impact upon the allergic response is les...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Tomkinson A,Kanehiro A,Rabinovitch N,Joetham A,Cieslewicz G,Gelfand EW

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a case of a pulmonary nodular lesion in an immunocompetent patient documented at open lung biopsy to be due to Mycobacterium haemophilum. This organism has recently been recognized as a cause of disease in immunocompromised patients, presenting predominantly as skin lesions, arthritis, and rarely pneumonia....

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： White DA,Kiehn TE,Bondoc AY,Massarella SA

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human neutrophil elastase (HNE), an enzyme secreted by activated neutrophils, can bind to and degrade extracellular matrix including human lung elastin. This protease is believed to play an important role in several destructive processes including pulmonary emphysema. In this study, we hypothesized that an alveolar ma...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Fujita J,Sköld CM,Daughton DM,Ertl RF,Takahara J,Rennard SI

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the efficacy of a clarithromycin-containing four-drug regimen for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease in 46 patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The patients were 14 males and 32 females with a mean age of 60.9 +/- 11.5 yr. Patients received 10 mg/kg/d of cla...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Tanaka E,Kimoto T,Tsuyuguchi K,Watanabe I,Matsumoto H,Niimi A,Suzuki K,Murayama T,Amitani R,Kuze F

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) as well as to compare microbial patterns of severe CAP to a previous study from our respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) originating from 1984 to 1987. Patients admitted to the ICU according to clinical judgment were defi...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ruiz M,Ewig S,Torres A,Arancibia F,Marco F,Mensa J,Sanchez M,Martinez JA

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia, and reports suggest that several other clinical conditions are associated with HTLV-I infection, including myelopathy and inflammatory pulmonary diseases. However, the clinical entity of HTLV-I-associated lung disease remains...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kawakami K,Miyazato A,Iwakura Y,Saito A

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of sensitization to inhaled allergens is determined by the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental influences. Occupational sensitization to low-molecular-weight chemicals allows a specific immunological response to an inhaled hapten to be studied in a well-defined population with characteriz...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Newman Taylor AJ,Cullinan P,Lympany PA,Harris JM,Dowdeswell RJ,du Bois RM

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the intensity of aerobic training is limited by dyspnea. Improving strength of the inspiratory muscles could enhance aerobic exercise training by reducing exercise-related dyspnea. We examined effects of home-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and cycl...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Larson JL,Covey MK,Wirtz SE,Berry JK,Alex CG,Langbein WE,Edwards L

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eotaxin, a selective chemoattractant for eosinophils, induces lung eosinophilia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) when administered intratracheally to interleukin-5 (IL-5) transgenic mice. We determined whether these effects of eotaxin were mediated through the production of cysteinyl-leukotrienes. IL-5 transgen...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Hisada T,Salmon M,Nasuhara Y,Chung KF

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ventilation style influences lung injury and the amount of large-aggregate biophysically active surfactant in adult lungs. We asked how positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) would influence clinical responses and surfactant pools in surfactant-treated preterm lambs ventilated for 7 h with tidal volumes (VT) of 10 m...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Michna J,Jobe AH,Ikegami M

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown an increased number of inflammatory cells and, in particular, CD8+ve cells in the airways of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study we investigated whether a similar inflammatory process is also present in the lungs, and particularly in lung parenchyma and ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Saetta M,Baraldo S,Corbino L,Turato G,Braccioni F,Rea F,Cavallesco G,Tropeano G,Mapp CE,Maestrelli P,Ciaccia A,Fabbri LM

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung transplant (LTx) recipients have a low peak work rate, peak oxygen consumption (V O2peak), and early lactate threshold on incremental exercise. We hypothesized that LTx recipients have reduced oxidative function and altered fiber type proportion in peripheral skeletal muscle. Seven stable LTx recipients and seven...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Wang XN,Williams TJ,McKenna MJ,Li JL,Fraser SF,Side EA,Snell GI,Walters EH,Carey MF

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We measured the plasma levels of adrenomedullin (AM), a novel vasodilating peptide, in 89 patients with various forms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and 13 healthy volunteers serving as controls. Plasma levels of AM in SIRS (burns: 20.5 +/- 3. 2 fmol/ml [mean +/- SEM]; pancreatitis: 13.8 +/- 3.8 fmo...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ueda S,Nishio K,Minamino N,Kubo A,Akai Y,Kangawa K,Matsuo H,Fujimura Y,Yoshioka A,Masui K,Doi N,Murao Y,Miyamoto S

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:REM-related oxygen desaturation occurs in advanced Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and might be an independent predictor of disease progression. We have followed 18 patients for 10 yr after an initial respiratory sleep study or until death or onset of nasal ventilation. We measured baseline spirometry, blood gas ten...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Phillips MF,Smith PE,Carroll N,Edwards RH,Calverley PM

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The number of patients awaiting lung transplantation (LT) and waiting time for surgery is increasing. In Australia, LT rates are 4. 6/million population/yr, which despite low organ donation rates, are the highest published in the world. The Australian organ allocation system allows identification of marginal donors an...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gabbay E,Williams TJ,Griffiths AP,Macfarlane LM,Kotsimbos TC,Esmore DS,Snell GI

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of suplatast tosilate, which has been proven to inhibit T-cell synthesis of IL-4 and IL-5, on the response to antigen inhalation challenge was investigated in sensitized guinea pigs. The animals were given an oral dose of 30 or 100 mg/kg of suplatast or vehicle (distilled water) daily for 1 wk before antige...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Iijima H,Tamura G,Hsiue TR,Liu Y,Taniguchi H,Shirato K

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physiologic adaptations after an 8-wk endurance training program were examined in 13 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (age, 64 +/- 4 [SD] yr; FEV1, 43 +/- 9% pred; PaO2, 72 +/- 8 mm Hg; and PaCO2, 36 +/- 2 mm Hg) and in eight healthy sedentary control subjects (61 +/- 4 yr). Both pre- and pos...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sala E,Roca J,Marrades RM,Alonso J,Gonzalez De Suso JM,Moreno A,Barberá JA,Nadal J,de Jover L,Rodriguez-Roisin R,Wagner PD

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The renin angiotensin system plays an important role in the development of pulmonary artery remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension as may occur in patients with COPD. Several polymorphisms of genes encoding for components of the renin angiotensin system such as the M235T...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： van Suylen RJ,Wouters EF,Pennings HJ,Cheriex EC,van Pol PE,Ambergen AW,Vermelis AM,Daemen MJ

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine the incidence and 90-d mortality of acute respiratory failure (ARF), acute lung injury (ALI), and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we carried out an 8-wk prospective cohort study in Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. All intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (n = 13,346) >/= 15 yr of age were ass...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Luhr OR,Antonsen K,Karlsson M,Aardal S,Thorsteinsson A,Frostell CG,Bonde J

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Characterization of chemokine expression patterns in virus-infected epithelial cells provides important clues to the pathophysiology of such infections. The aim of this study was to determine the chemokine response pattern of respiratory epithelium when infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Macrophage infla...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Harrison AM,Bonville CA,Rosenberg HF,Domachowske JB

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We used three-dimensional reconstructions obtained with spiral computed tomography to measure total diaphragm surface area (Adi), and the surface area of the dome (Ado) and of the zone of apposition (Aap) of the diaphragm in nine patients with single-lung transplantation (SLT) for emphysema and nine normal subjects ma...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Cassart M,Verbandt Y,de Francquen P,Gevenois PA,Estenne M

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A variety of substances including human meconium have been found to affect adversely the surface tension-lowering activity of pulmonary surfactants, and this effect may be important in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases. To find whether inactivation of surfactant could be prevented or reduced by nonionic p...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： William Taeusch H,Lu KW,Goerke J,Clements JA

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with impaired pulmonary function are at increased risk for the development of postoperative complications. Recently exercise testing and predicted postoperative (ppo) function have gained increasing importance in the evaluation of lung resection candidates. We prospectively evaluated an algorithm for the preo...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Wyser C,Stulz P,Solèr M,Tamm M,Müller-Brand J,Habicht J,Perruchoud AP,Bolliger CT

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is controversial whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the absence of hypoxemic lung disease. To investigate this further we measured awake pulmonary hemodynamics, pulmonary gas exchange, and small airways function in 32 patients with OSA (apnea- hypopnea index, mean +/- SE, 46...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sajkov D,Wang T,Saunders NA,Bune AJ,Neill AM,Douglas Mcevoy R

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examines hemodialysis clearances of isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (EMB). Seven chronic hemodialysis patients were studied. Six were given single oral doses (INH 300 mg, RIF 600 mg, PZA 1000 mg, and EMB 25 mg/kg) 2 h before hemodialysis (Cobe Centrysystem 3 hemodialysis ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Malone RS,Fish DN,Spiegel DM,Childs JM,Peloquin CA

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recruitment of leukocytes to an area of injury or inflammation site is one of the most fundamental host defenses. Pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by granulomatous inflammation with an extensive infiltration of mononuclear cells. In tuberculous pleurisy pleural mesothelial cells are exposed to mycobacteria ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Mohammed KA,Nasreen N,Ward MJ,Antony VB

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Partial liquid ventilation (PLV) has been shown to be an effective means of improving oxygenation in the injured lung. However, little is known about how approach to ventilation during PLV affects gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics. We hypothesized that gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics would be best with positiv...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Fujino Y,Kirmse M,Hess D,Kacmarek RM

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The etiology of sleep disruption in patients in intensive care units (ICUs) is poorly understood, but is thought to be related to environmental stimuli, especially noise. We sampled 203 patients (121 males and 82 females) from different ICUs (cardiac [CCU], cardiac stepdown [CICU], medical [MICU], and surgical [SICU])...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Freedman NS,Kotzer N,Schwab RJ

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the anti-asthmatic effects of powerful anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin-like drugs. We compared the effects of two aspirin-like drugs with different pharmacologic activities, sodium salicylate (SSA) and indomethacin, with the effect of lysine acetylsalicylate (LASA), inhaled 30 min before...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sestini P,Refini RM,Pieroni MG,Vaghi A,Robuschi M,Bianco S

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00